Chapter 9 outline — The Internet

nChapter 9
The Internet

nMedia Then & Now

n1972: Internet invented

n1991: The Web is born

n1995: Amazon.com

n2000: Dot-com bust

n2007: Web 2.0

n2009: Google cyberattack

nHistory: Spinning the Web

nAtanasoff’s computer

nTuring’s code cracker

nENIAC and the Cold War

nModems, WAN and LAN

nARPANET (1969)

nThe Web Is Born

nAlto computer (Xerox)

nBill Gates: Microsoft

nSteve Jobs: Apple

nVideotex, AOL & BBSs

nInternet & e-mail (1972)

nBerners-Lee & HTML (1991)

n

nThe Dot-Com Boom

nFirst browser: Mosaic

nBy 1995, commercial providers take over Net

nAmazon.com, eBay,
Yahoo! and Google

nAOL fades after merger

nDot-com bust in 2000

nReining in the Net

nNet’s cultural impact

nCommunications Decency Act

nNet as a threat to children

nCross-border communication

nIntellectual property

nDigital-divide issues

nControl: ICAAN vs. U.N.

nOld Media in Internet Age

nWeb competes against
conventional media

ØGoogle: new king of media

ØCraig’s List, file sharing, iPad

nOld media’s new strategies

ØOnline-only newspapers,
e-books, streaming video

nRise of Social Media

nWeb 2.0: users collaborate

ØBlogs, Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, Twitter

nAds & PR hope to ‘go viral’

nLow barriers to entry

nPolitical movements (Occupy Wall Street)

nFollowing Moore’s Law

nMoore’s Law: computer processing capacity doubles every 18 months since 1960s

nMetcalfe’s Law: Internet’s value increases rapidly
with the number of users

nTechnology Trends

nTechnology in entertainment media and mobile devices

ØiPods, DVRs, Blu-Ray disks

nCPUs and VLSI circuits

n‘Less is more’: tablets

n‘More is better’: Everyday objects connected to Net

nNetwork Tech Trends 

nBroadband

ØDSL, cable, fiber optic

ØBPL, using power lines

nWireless: 3G, 4G, WiFi

ØWiMAX and EV-DO

nInternet2: faster Net for more than 200 universities

nInternet Trends 

nIP Version 6: more addresses

nCloud computing

nPlug-ins: helper programs

nScripts: applications

nNew markup languages

nHTML5

nTracking: privacy threats?

n David vs. Goliath (Google)

nSearch engine

nServes up ads

nWeb portal

nSoftware publisher

nE-mail, video, other services

nFacebook is gaining

nThe Next Big Thing?

nComputer Toy Makers

nHardware

ØPCs and other computers

ØStorage devices

ØPrinters & peripherals

nPC leaders: Dell & H-P

nNetwork gear: Cisco

nWhere Microsoft Rules

nMost PCs run Microsoft operating system (Windows)

nMicrosoft dominates many applications (Word, browser)

nSoftware often ‘bundled’

nFreeware & shareware

nOnline applications

n

nInternet Service Providers

nLeaders: AT&T & Comcast (XFINITY)

nSome ISPs (like AOL) are content providers, too

nISPs usually lease high-speed connections to Internet’s backbone

nMore than 400 ISPs in U.S.

nContent Providers

nWeb pages are often made by in-house designers

ØOld and new media firms

ØExisting and new content

nIndependent designers, developers, programmers

nEven Facebook users

nInternet Organizations

nInternet backbone: vBNS

nRegional networks (MERIT)

nICANN & domain names

nISOC (the Internet Society)

nW3C: sets Web standards

nInternet Architecture Board

nIETF: technical matters

n What’s on the Internet?

nWeb address: URL

nTop-level domains

nEach country has its own

nInstitutions: .edu, .org

nMost of the ‘sizzle’: .com

nElectronic Publishing

nPrint and Web-only content

ØNew York Times

nMagazines extend brand

ØSome online only

ØAmateurs’ blogs (’zines)

nCorporate sites

nE-government

nEntertainment

nFile sharing or pirates

nLegal downloads (iTunes)

nAd-supported models

ØAmateur & ‘Big Media’ videos

nStreaming radio stations

nYouTube and Hulu

nStreaming cable TV

n Online Games

nMUDs: fantasy games

nMMOs and MMORPGs

ØWorld of Warcraft

nSecond Life: social games

nCasual games: FarmVille

nOnline gambling

n Portals

n‘Launch pad’ for Net users

nNews & other content

nE-mail & communication

nSurveillance function

nAdvertisers see portals
as Web’s mass media

nSocial networking sites

nSearch Engines

nGoogle as the giant

nYahoo! and Bing far behind

nA ‘bot’ searches Internet

nResults depend on keyword
placement & other factors

nSpecialized search engines

n‘Sponsored links’ are ads

nSocial Media and Blogs

nNot just social networking

nNews and entertainment

nChat and communication

nTagging and sharing

nGroupon, Digg, Twitter

nMarketers track success of brands via social networks

nElectronic Commerce

nB to c (business to consumer)

nCategory killers (eToys)

nSome e-tailers only online

nClicks-and-mortar operations

nAuctions (eBay): c to c, for
consumer to consumer

nBiggest category: b to b

nA Good Web Page?

nContests & giveaways

nContinual updates

nEpisodic storytelling

nAttractive colors & layout

nShort items preferred

nInteractivity

n‘Cool’ design vs. usability

nDoes Info Want to Be Free?

nCopyrights and patents

ØDigital Millennium
Copyright Act of 1998

nCut off free access

nFollow iTunes model

nNet neutrality

nCreative Commons

nNet Neutrality

nBasic principle that prohibits ISPs like AT&T, Comcast and Verizon from speeding up, slowing down or blocking any content, applications or websites.

nNet Neutrality

nInternet’s guiding principle: It preserves our right to communicate freely online.

nNN enables and protects free speech.

nNN: ISPs should provide us with open networks.

nNet Neutrality

nNN: ISPs shouldn’t block or discriminate.

nNN: Just as AT&T shouldn’t decide who you call and what you say, your ISP shouldn’t interfere with content.

nNet Neutrality

nWithout NN, cable and phone companies could carve the internet into fast and slow lane. An ISP could slow down competitors’ content or block political opinions it disagreed with.

nNet Neutrality

nWithout NN, ISPs could charge extra fees to the few content companies that could afford to pay for preferential treatment — relegating everyone else to a slower tier of service.

nNet Neutrality

nIf NN is repealed, it would destroy the open internet.

nCompanies like AT&T, Comcast and Verizon would be able to decide who is heard and who isn’t.

nNet Neutrality

nWithout NN, how would activists be able to fight oppression?

nWhat would happen to social moves like BLM?

nNet Neutrality

nThe way the internet has always worked.

nAdopted by FCC in 2015 to keep the internet free and open.

nNow in jeopardy.

nNet Neutrality

nTrump’s FCC chairman wants to eliminate.

nFCC will vote Dec. 14.

nNet Neutrality

nWho is attacking NN?

nNet Neutrality

nWho is against?

Ø

nClosing the Digital Divide

nGap: by race and income

nObama: put broadband in
90% of U.S. homes by 2020

nPublic computing centers

nCycle of poverty

nU.S. lags other countries
in broadband penetration

nGov’t.: Hands Off or On?

nWhether to tax e-commerce

nUniversal Service for Net

nProtect children online

nCANSPAM law

nUSA PATRIOT Act

nCyberwarfare, global issues

nOnline Safety

nPhishing & other scams

nPersonal responsibility

ØVirus scanner, spam filter, spyware eraser

nUse complex passwords

nDon’t post personal info or party photos on Facebook

n